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Brass Alloys

The fastest metal
in our shop.
C360 runs like butter.

Brass C360 machines 3× faster than stainless and 2× faster than aluminum. Combined with excellent corrosion resistance, self-lubrication and a beautiful gold finish — brass is the economical choice for fittings, electrical contacts, and decorative hardware.

01 · Grades & variants

Brass grades.

Three brass alloys cover nearly every machined application. The choice is driven by lead content, machinability, and corrosion environment.

C360 (Free-Cutting)

Default machining · 100% MR

63 Cu / 35.5 Zn / ~3 Pb. The machinability reference — defined as 100%. Fittings, electrical contacts, hardware, plumbing. Lead content restricts potable water use in some jurisdictions.

C260 (Cartridge)

70/30 · formable

70 Cu / 30 Zn. Excellent cold formability — origin of the "cartridge" name from ammunition brass. Less machinable (30% MR) but superior for stamping and drawing.

C464 (Naval Brass)

Marine · tin alloyed

60 Cu / 39 Zn / 1 Sn. Tin addition resists dezincification in seawater. Marine hardware, boat fittings, heat exchanger tubes.

C230 (Red Brass)

85/15 · decorative

85 Cu / 15 Zn. Warmer reddish-gold color. Architectural and decorative applications. Good corrosion resistance.

C377 (Forging Brass)

Hot-forged fittings

58 Cu / 40 Zn / 2 Pb. Optimized for hot forging of plumbing fittings, valves, compression fittings.

C353 (High-Leaded)

Screw-machine stock

62 Cu / 36 Zn / 2 Pb. Used for high-volume Swiss-type turning. Excellent surface finish from single-point tooling.

02 · Why this material

Why choose brass.

Brass dominates three scenarios. For any of them, brass is usually the most economical choice.

Fastest machining

C360 defines 100% machinability rating. 2–3× faster than 304 SS, 2× faster than aluminum. Perfect for high-volume turned parts.

Corrosion resistance

Develops dark patina in outdoor service but resists corrosion in most water, air and mild chemical environments. C464 resists seawater dezincification.

Electrical conductivity

~28% IACS — good electrical conductor. Standard for connectors, terminals, battery contacts where copper's machinability is inadequate.

Non-sparking

Non-ferrous metal won't spark against steel. Required for tools and hardware in explosive atmospheres (ATEX zone 1, 2).

03 · Applications

Brass applications.

Plumbing fittings

Valves, compression fittings, pipe adapters (C360, C377)

Electrical connectors

Terminal blocks, ground studs, battery lugs — tin or nickel plated

Decorative hardware

Door knobs, hinges, decorative fasteners — lacquered to prevent patina

Musical instruments

Trumpet valves, horn slides, tuba components — C260 cartridge

Firearms parts

Cartridge casings (C260), shell holders, reloading equipment

Marine hardware

Boat cleats, ship portholes, rigging — C464 naval brass

Watch components

Gears, cases (before plating), movement plates — precision Swiss turned

Lamp & lighting

Lamp bases, sockets, decorative fixtures — lacquered finish

Automotive

Carburetor components, radiator fittings, electrical terminals

04 · Finishing

Brass finishing.

As-machined

Bright gold color. Tarnishes in weeks from handling (fingerprints) unless lacquered.

Lacquered

Clear lacquer preserves bright finish indefinitely. Standard for decorative hardware.

Polished

Mirror polish to Ra 0.05 µm. Common on architectural and decorative brass.

Bead blasted

Matte uniform finish. Often pre-plating step.

Nickel plated

Bright or satin nickel. Silver appearance, corrosion resistance. Standard for electrical.

Chrome plated

Decorative bright chrome for bathroom fixtures, automotive trim.

Gold plated

Flash or heavy gold for RF connectors, luxury hardware, watch components.

Antiqued / patina

Chemical patination to aged gold, dark bronze, or verdigris green for architectural.

FAQ

Brass questions.

The ~3% lead addition acts as a solid lubricant and creates small chip-breaking discontinuities at the cutting edge. Chips break into small curls rather than stringy long chips. Tools last 3–5× longer than on stainless. Combined with brass's moderate hardness, this makes C360 the defining "machinability = 100%" reference for all other metals.
Not without restriction. Leaded brasses (C360, C353, C377) are restricted from potable water applications in many jurisdictions (USA under California Prop 65, Safe Drinking Water Act). For drinking water fittings, specify low-lead or lead-free brass (C693, C87850 Eco-Brass, C69300). For food contact, similar restrictions apply — use certified food-grade brass.
Yes — brass develops patina when exposed to moisture and air, progressing from bright gold → warm brown → dark brown → verdigris green over years. For outdoor service where bright appearance matters, lacquer or clear coat the brass. For architectural applications where patina is desired (rooftops, building facades), allow the process naturally.
Poorly — zinc in brass vaporizes during welding, creating fumes and porosity. Brazing is the preferred joining method, using copper-based filler at 700–850 °C. For small-scale repair, silver solder (Ag-Cu) works well. Press-fits, threaded connections, and crimping are usually better than welding for brass assemblies.
Bronze (copper-tin alloys like C932 bearing bronze) generally outperforms brass for bearing applications due to tin content providing harder, more wear-resistant surface and better oil retention. Brass is adequate for light-duty bushings and where cost matters; bronze is preferred for loaded bearings, journals, and sleeve bearings.
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