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DFM Guide · Powder Bed Fusion

SLS. MJF. DMLS.
Powder + heat.
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Powder bed fusion (SLS, MJF, DMLS) builds parts layer by layer in powder bed. Specific design rules for orientation, support, drainage, post-processing.

01 · Key principles

Key principles.

Orientation

Affects everything

Build orientation determines surface finish, mechanical properties, support needs. Plan deliberately.

Support structures

Metal yes, polymer no

SLS/MJF: powder supports part, no supports needed. DMLS: requires support structures for overhangs.

Drain holes

Hollow parts

Powder must escape from hollow parts. Drain holes (3-5 mm minimum) required.

Wall thickness

0.5-1 mm

Minimum walls: SLS 0.8 mm, MJF 0.5 mm, DMLS 0.5 mm. Practical considerations vary.

Aspect ratio

5:1 typical

Tall thin features 5:1 aspect typical. Above this risks distortion during build.

Post-processing

Bead blast, polish

Standard finish: rough as-built. Bead blast for matte, vapor smooth (some materials), or CNC for tight tolerance.

FAQ

Best applications?

Complex geometry impossible to machine. Topology-optimized lightweight parts. Lattice structures. Custom anatomical implants.

Tolerance achievable?

SLS/MJF: ±0.2 mm typical. DMLS: ±0.2 mm. Post-machining critical features achieves ±0.025 mm.

Material range?

SLS/MJF: PA12 (most common), PA11, TPU, glass-filled. DMLS: titanium, Inconel, aluminum, stainless 316L.

Cost vs CNC?

For complex geometry: powder bed often cheaper. For simple geometry at volume: CNC cheaper.

Mechanical anisotropy?

Z-direction (between layers) typically 80-90% of X/Y direction strength. Orient parts considering load direction.

Surface finish?

As-built Ra 5-15 µm typical. Smoother after bead blast (Ra 3-6 µm). Critical features: post-machining.

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