Conductive materials.
Insulators.
Electrical design.
Electrical conductivity reference. Metal conductors (copper, aluminum, silver), plastic insulators, semiconductors. Resistivity values.
Key principles.
Highest
Highest conductivity. Premium electrical contacts.
Standard
Workhorse conductor. Standard wiring, electronics.
Light alternative
Aluminum 60% copper conductivity. Lighter, cheaper.
Medium
Steel medium conductivity. Structural use.
Lower
Stainless lower than carbon steel. 18-8 alloys.
Insulator
Most plastics 10¹⁵+ Ω/sq. Standard insulator.
FAQ
Conductivity ranking?
Silver > copper > gold > aluminum > steel > stainless > plastic.
Why aluminum vs copper?
Aluminum lighter, cheaper. Copper more conductive. Trade-off per application.
Conductive plastics?
Carbon-loaded conductive plastics 10⁵-10⁹ Ω/sq. Anti-static (10⁹-10¹²) common.
Surface vs volume?
Surface for static dissipation. Volume for through-thickness conductivity.
Testing methods?
ASTM D257 surface and volume resistivity. Eddy current for conductors.
Application examples?
Copper wiring, aluminum bus bars, ESD-safe trays, conductive paint for shielding.
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