Insulators.
Dielectric strength.
Electrical safety.
Electrical insulation materials. Plastics, ceramics, composites. Dielectric strength, breakdown voltage, applications.
Key principles.
PE, PP
Low cost insulators. Cable insulation, capacitor films.
Cable insulation
PVC standard cable jacketing. Cheap, durable.
High-temp electrical
Premium PEEK for high-temp electrical insulation.
PCB substrate
Glass-fiber epoxy. PCB substrate. UL94 V-0.
High-voltage
Alumina, zirconia for extreme voltage.
Flexible
Silicone for flexible high-temperature insulation.
FAQ
Dielectric strength definition?
Voltage at which insulation fails (breaks down). kV/mm typical.
Materials for high voltage?
Ceramics (alumina) for extreme. PEEK for high-temp+voltage. Silicone for flex.
UL94 ratings?
Flammability rating. V-2 most lenient, V-1 mid, V-0 most stringent.
PCB substrate selection?
FR-4 standard. High-frequency: Rogers, polyimide. Per application.
Surface tracking?
Surface contamination + voltage causes tracking. CTI (Comparative Tracking Index) measures.
Testing standards?
ASTM D149 dielectric strength. UL standards for safety certification.
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