Pressure rating.
Wall thickness.
Safety factor.
Pressure resistance reference. Wall thickness vs pressure for tubing, vessels, pipes. ASME B31 codes. Safety factor 1.5-4 typical.
Key principles.
σ = PD/2t
Hoop stress for thin-wall tube. P=pressure, D=diameter, t=thickness.
Limit
Operating stress ≤ yield/safety factor. Yield 30-50% UTS typical.
1.5-4
Aerospace 1.5. Pressure vessel 4. Per code.
Per service
Stainless for chemical. Carbon steel for water. Inconel for aggressive.
B31, BPVC
ASME B31 piping. ASME BPVC pressure vessels. Per code.
1.5× working
Test 1.5× working pressure. Hydrostatic safer than gas.
FAQ
Hoop stress formula?
σ = PD/2t for thin walls (D/t > 20). Thick walls use Lamé equations.
Wall thickness for X pressure?
Calculate per material yield, safety factor. ASME formulas.
ASME code requirements?
B31 piping. BPVC pressure vessels. Each application has specific code.
Hydrostatic vs pneumatic test?
Hydro: water-filled, safer. Pneumatic: less leakage detection but faster. Hydro standard for code.
Safety factor?
1.5 minimum aerospace. 2-4 industrial. Per code-specified.
Welded vs seamless?
Seamless tube/pipe higher integrity. Welded more economical at scale.
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